1 The Basics: Bonding and Molecular Structure 1
2 Families of Carbon Compounds: Functional Groups, Intermolecular Forces,
and Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy 53
3 An Introduction to Organic Reactions and Their Mechanisms: Acids and Bases 105
4 Nomenclature and Conformations of Alkanes and
Cycloalkanes 147
5 Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules 197
6 Nucleophilic Reactions: Properties and Substitution
Reactions of Alkyl Halides 243
7 Alkenes and Alkynes I: Properties and Synthesis. Elimination Reactions of
Alkyl Halides 285
8 Alkenes and Alkynes II: Addition and Oxidation Reactions 341
9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectrometry: Tools for
Structure Determination 397
10 Radical Reactions 453
11 Alcohols and Ethers: Synthesis and Reactions 493
12 Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Oxidation?Reduction and
Organometallic Compounds 541
13 Conjugated Unsaturated Systems 579
14 Aromatic Compounds 627
15 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds 669
16 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the C...arbonyl Group 723
17 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: Nucleophilic Addition?Elimination at the
Acyl Carbon 773
18 Reactions at the ¥á Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds: Enols and Enolates 825
19 Condensation and Conjugate Addition Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds:
More Chemistry of Enolates 861
20 Amines 903
21 Transition Metal Complexes: Promoters of Key Bond-Forming Reactions 951
22 Carbohydrates 979
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
viii Brief Contents
23 Lipids 1027
24 Amino Acids and Proteins 1063
25 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 1109
Scott A. Snyder [Àú]
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