학부과정을 통해 학습한 전공의 지식과 기술을 종합해 산업체 또는 지역사회에서 제시한 문제를 해결하면서, 전공은 물론 전공 외의 역량도 함께 함양할 수 있는 통합적 학문(integrative discipline) 프로젝트형 교과과정이 바로 캡스톤디자인이다. 구체적으로, 학생이 산업현장에서 만나는 문제 해결 능력을 기르기 위해 가상 프로젝트를 설정하고 대학에서 배운 지식을 이용하여 기획, 설계, 제작의 전 과정을 수행함으로써, 산업현장 수요에 적합한 기술 · 제품 · 서비스의 창조적 설계와 문제 해결 능력, 다학제간 융합적 사고와 지식을 갖추도록 교육하는 창의종합설계 프로그램이다.
본서에서는 캡스톤디자인에 참여하는 학생들이 보다 더 실제적이고 산업현장에서 필요로 하는 결과물을 도출할 수 있도록 돕기 위해 디자인씽킹 등 비즈니스 관점에서 방법론을 설명하였으며, 4차산업혁명, ESG, 소비자지향 등의 재무적 비재무적 분석을 포함한 실제 사례 분석을 제시하였다. 이번에 출간되는 제2판의 가장 큰 특징은 기존의 체계를 유지하면서 캡스톤디자인 방법론, 문제해결 프로세스, 수행단계를 보강하였고, 사례분석마다 장으로 구분하여 보강 또는 업데이트하였다는 점이다. 따라서 캡스톤디자인의 기본개념을 이해하고 프로젝트를 수행하기 위한 학습서로서 학생들에게 큰 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.
해외대학에 비해 다소 늦게 교육부의 LINC사업으로 시작된 캡스톤디자인 교과목이 대학의 전공교육과정으로 확대 발전하여 이제는 LINC3.0사업에서도 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 본서가 캡스톤디자인에 참여하는 학생들을 비롯하여 교수자에게도 리버럴 아츠(liberal arts)적 창의종합설계에 실질적인 도움이 되기를 기대한다.
본서를 개정하는 과정에서 박영사의 안종만 회장님과 안상준 대표님, 임재무 전무님, 탁종민 대리 및 임직원 여러분은 기획과 출판에 정성을 다해주셨다. 이 자리를 빌려 깊은 감사를 드린다. 아직도 남아 있는 부족한 부분은 전적으로 저자의 책임이며, 앞으로도 꾸준히 개선해 나갈 것을 약속한다.
2023년 3월
김흥수
제 1 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 알아보기
캡스톤디자인의 정의····························································5
캡스톤디자인의 핵심역량······················································7
캡스톤디자인의 필요성 및 교육의 특성··································7
캡스톤디자인의 유형····························································8
캡스톤디자인 운영 프로세스················································10
1 캡스톤디자인 과제도출················································· 10
2 캡스톤디자인 방향·······················································11
3 캡스톤디자인 세부 운영방안··········································11
4 비즈니스연계 캡스톤디자인 사업계획서 수록사항·············· 12
캡스톤디자인 단계별 진행 프로세스·······································13
제 2 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 방법론
디자인씽킹·····································································19
1 개요··········································································19
2 프로세스······...······························································ 22
3 디자인 씽킹의 필요역량················································ 25
4 디자인 씽킹을 통한 성공창업 프로세스························· · 26
5 디자인 씽킹을 통한 성공창업 사례·································· 27
팀빌딩···········································································31
1 팀빌딩 찾기································································ 31
2 팀빌딩 진행방법·························································· 31
3 ‘아리스토텔레스’ 프로젝트············································ 32
4 팀빌딩 향상을 위한 실전 팁··········································· 35
아이디어 도출··································································37
1 명목집단법(Nominal Group Technique)······················ 37
2 브레인라이팅(Brainwriting)········································· 38
3 시각자극법(Visual Stimulation)··································· 40
4 디딤돌······································································· 41
5 갤러리워크(Gallery-Walk)··········································· 42
팀 의사결정····································································43
1 멀티보팅(Multi-Voting)·············································· 43
2 의사결정 그리드(Decision Grid)··································· 44
3 커뮤니케이션(Communication)··································· 45
제 3 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 문제해결 프로세스
문제의 탐색단계·······························································57
1 능동적인 마인드와 문제인식 가지기································57
2 정보 수집하기·····························································58
3 내부환경 분석하기·······················································58
4 외부환경 변화를 모니터링하기·······································58
5 고객니즈를 분석하기····················································58
6 경쟁사의 동향을 분석하기·············································59
7 이해관계자 분석하기····················································59
8 벤치마킹 하기·····························································59
문제의 특성분석단계··························································76
1 문제의 본질 분석하기··················································· 76
2 문제의 원인 찾기························································· 76
3 문제에 숨어 있는 가정 분석하기·····································77
4 문제에 관련한 관점과 프레임 분석하기····························77
문제의 결정단계·······························································85
1 문제의 해결 여부 결정하기············································85
2 문제의 해결목표와 계약조건 결정하기·····························85
3 평가 기준과 평가 방법 결정하기·····································85
4 문제 정의하기····························································· 86
아이디어 개발단계····························································91
1 과거방법 활용하기·······················································91
2 그룹으로 개발하기·······················································91
3 목표속성 만족시키기···················································· 92
4 아이디어 변형하기······················································· 92
5 아이디어 공격하기······················································· 92
6 문제의 범위 변화시키기················································ 92
7 가정에 도전하기·························································· 92
8 새로운 관점으로 보기··················································· 93
9 유추하기···································································· 93
10 연상하기···································································· 93
아이디어 결과추정단계····················································· 114
1 아이디어 구조화하기·················································· 115
2 아이디어 결과 예측하기·············································· 115
3 아이디어 위험 추정하기·············································· 115
4 아이디어 리스크 프로파일링하기·································· 115
아이디어 선택단계·························································· 124
1 아이디어 순위 결정하기·············································· 124
2 아이디어 심층적 분석하기··········································· 124
3 아이디어 최종 선택하기·············································· 125
4 아이디어 동의 구하기················································· 125
아이디어 실행단계·························································· 132
1 아이디어 실행계획 수립하기········································ 132
2 아이디어 통제계획 수립하기········································ 132
3 아이디어 실행하기····················································· 133
4 아이디어 미래문제에 대비하기····································· 133
제 4 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 수행 단계
과제선정······································································ 157
1 과제발굴·································································· 157
2 과제선정·································································· 158
3 고객정의·································································· 158
4 고객요구조사···························································· 162
5 시장조사(Market Research, 기존제품 및
지식재산권 현황조사)················································· 164
6 과제기술서 작성························································ 172
과제연구······································································ 173
1 핵심가치(Core Value) 발굴········································ 173
2 현장타당성 조사························································ 174
3 1차 프로토타입 제작·················································· 178
4 비즈니스모델 캔버스 작성··········································· 180
과제해결······································································ 183
1 창의적 아이디어 도출················································· 183
2 창의적 과제해결을 위한 아이디어 도출 방법론················ 186
3 캡스톤디자인 작품의 가치 차별화 포인트 찾기(브랜드화 방안·)····187
프로젝트 성과 발표························································· 194
1 블랭크 차트(Blank Chart)를 활용한 발표자료 준비········· 194
2 설득력 있는 발표를 위한 방법······································ 195
프로젝트 평가································································ 196
1 평가표····································································· 196
2 동료팀 평가······························································ 197
제 5 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 사례 분석(1)
- 빅데이터를 통한 수요예측과 챗봇을 통한 재고자산 회전률 증가 사업 -
초록············································································ 206
챗봇············································································ 207
1 챗봇의 정의······························································ 207
2 본 사업의 유형·························································· 211
빅데이터······································································ 211
1 창업배경과 사업의 개념·············································· 212
2 기술적 배경······························································ 213
3 시스템의 구성··························································· 214
4 환경분석·································································· 217
5 비즈니스 모델분석 및 사업 타당성 분석························· 219
6 마케팅 실행전략························································ 222
7 조직 및 인력 계획······················································ 224
8 재무관리 계획··························································· 227
9 사업화 추진 계획······················································· 232
10 결론········································································ 234
제 6 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 사례 분석(2)
- 3D 프린팅기술과 전통제화기술을 결합하여 맞춤형 수제 등산화 제작 판매 -
1 배경 및 요약····························································· 240
2 사업의 개념 소개······················································· 240
3 환경분석·································································· 243
4 사업 타당성 분석······················································· 254
5 마케팅 계획······························································ 266
6 사업화 추진일정························································ 272
7 부록········································································ 273
제 7 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 사례 분석(3)
- Retraho 레트라호 사업보고서 -
1 개요········································································ 282
2 시장환경분석···························································· 283
3 사업 타당성 분석 : 시장성··········································· 293
4 업사이클링 브랜드 ‘Retraho 레트라호’························· 296
5 제품 및 서비스, 공급방안············································ 296
6 마케팅 계획······························································ 297
7 사업운영계획···························································· 298
8 재무계획·································································· 299
9 향후 사업 추진 및 위기 대응 계획································· 299
제 8 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 사례 분석(4)
- ‘홈리스’를 대상으로 한 ‘DIY입욕제 키트를 제작하는’ 사회적기업 -
서론············································································ 308
1 사업 목적································································· 308
2 배경, 선행연구·························································· 312
본론············································································ 317
1 사업아이템 소개, 특징················································ 317
2 마케팅 방안······························································ 320
3 사업 분석································································· 325
결론············································································ 330
1 향후 프로그램 진행···················································· 330
2 예상 위기 및 대응······················································ 339
제 9 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 사례 분석(5)
- 라이브 커머스 소비자 지향 -
캡스톤디자인································································· 351
1 캡스톤디자인 동기····················································· 351
2 캡스톤디자인 목표····················································· 352
문제 인식····································································· 352
1 개선 과제 선정·························································· 352
2 개선 과제 동향 파악··················································· 353
3 개선 과제 이슈 조사 ·················································· 353
4 여론 조사································································· 356
시장 조사····································································· 357
1 현재 시장 조사·························································· 357
2 해외 시장 조사·························································· 359
개선안 제시·································································· 362
1 법안 사각지대 파악 ··················································· 362
2 개선안 제안······························································ 362
기대 효과····································································· 364
1 소비자 기대 효과 ······················································ 364
2 장기적 기대 효과······················································· 364
제 10 장 ∥ 캡스톤디자인 사례 분석(6)
- 컴퓨터비전(HOI)을 활용한 홈 CCTV 위험 알림서비스 -
배경 및 요약·································································· 370
1 본 사업의 유형·························································· 370
2 창업 배경 및 동기······················································ 370
사업의 개념 소개···························································· 370
1 사업 아이템 개요······················································· 370
2 사업의 목적······························································ 371
3 ESG········································································ 371
환경 분석····································································· 373
1 시장 환경 분석·························································· 373
2 기술적 환경 분석······················································· 377
3 STP 분석································································· 378
4 마이데이터 보안 및 관리············································· 380
기술적 배경·································································· 381
1 컴퓨터 비전(Computer Vision)·································· 381
2 HOI(Human Obejct Interaction)······························ 385
3 홈 CCTV································································· 387
시스템 구성·································································· 388
1 용도 및 대상에 따른 분류············································ 388
2 홈 CCTV 핵심 기능 개요············································ 390
3 모바일 알림서비스····················································· 390
사업 아이템 알고리즘······················································· 391
1 데이터 수집 및 분류··················································· 391
2 객체 탐지 알고리즘···················································· 392
3 위험 상황 인지 알고리즘············································· 406
사업타당성 분석····························································· 410
1 3C 분석··································································· 410
2 SWOT 분석····························································· 412
사업화 전략·································································· 414
1 차별화 전략······························································ 414
2 전략적 제휴······························································ 414
3 사회취약계층 프리서비스············································ 416
수익구조 분석································································ 417
1 소요자금 및 재무제표 추정·········································· 417
2 제품수명주기 및 수익성·············································· 419
3 자금조달 및 매출 계획················································ 421
사업화 추진 계획 및 기대효과············································· 422
1 사업화 추진 계획······················································· 422
2 잠재적 문제점 및 해결방안·········································· 424
3 기대효과·································································· 424
김흥수 [저]
고려대학교 융합경영학부 교수이다. LIFETIME Acceptance into Who’s Who in the World, 2018년, 2019년, 2020년 Marquis Who’s Who in the world listee, International Association of Valuers, Analysts and Consultants(Salt Lake City, USA) , 국가공무원(행정고시, 7급) 및 국가고시 출제 채점위원 교육부 대학재정지원사업 평가컨설팅위원 및 한국연구재단 심사평가위원을 역임했다.
주요저서로는 2015년 5월 “융ㆍ복합 창업교육 교과과정 개발에 관한 연구”, 한국디지털정책학회, 디지털융복합연구, 2015년 8월 “A Study on Valuation of Trademarks”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(19), 2016년 9월 “지식재산권 활성화를 위한 기업상표권 가치평가 모형 개발”, 한국디지털정책학회, 디지털융복합연구, 2016년 12월 “Process-oriented Algorithm Entrepreneurship Curriculum Design”, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(46), 2017년 12월 “Valuation of Intellectual Property for Investment in Kind”, International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, Volume 15(25), 2017년 12월 “Trademark Valuation for Revitalization”, International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, Volume 15(25), 2018년 10월 “Valuation of Strategic Objectives for Estimating Transaction Value for Licensing and Enhancing , Corporate Value”, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 120(6), 2020년 8월 “A Study on Calculation of Contribution to Intangible Assets for Successful Commercialization of Start-up Companies”, ICCT 2020, 2020년 8월 “Bio Research Institute companies’ intellectual property transfer and commercialization valuation”, ICCT 2020, 2005년 9월 『무형자산 가치평가론』, 부연사, 2008년 2월 『자산경제론』, 시그마프레스, 2008년 9월 『감정평가론』, 시그마프레스, 2013년 9월 『창업과 비즈니스』, 한국학술정보, 2014년 12월 『기술경영과 전략』, 조선대학교, 2019년 1월 『성공창업과 금융』, 박영사이 있다.
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